Therefore, the progressive expansion of the business related to this type of always connected environments implies new technological challenges and implications about security, privacy, and interoperability.Ī distributed trust technology, ensuring scalability, privacy, and reliability, is a cornerstone for the growth of such IoT environments. In fact, as per studies conducted worldwide by Gartner, IoT security spending will reach $1.5 billion in 2018, and, by 2022, half of all security budgets for IoT will go to fault remediation, recalls and safety failures rather than protection. Aggravating the situation is the fact that some years ago to think about a scenario with billions of connected devices was quite unlikely and, for this reason, the security aspects have not always been considered at the design phase of the products.
Centralized companies managing sensitive user data can use them illegitimately, thus leading to a breach of privacy. Security has another aspect, namely “ the privacy concern,” associated with it. On the one hand, the ubiquitous nature of IoT encourages the creation of innovative applications for the end user, but, on the other hand, lack of security measure may lead to critical issues like persons subjected to physical damage such as burglary due to the hacking of the smart alarm system. With an ever-increasing presence of IoT objects and their visibility from the Internet, security, i.e., the legitimate users access to resources, is of prime concern. The extent to which IoT will be part of our day-to-day life can be understood from the fact that 95% of newly introduced products by 2020 will have IoT technology at its core. IoT is enabling the development of new business methods, and one of its most essential aspects resides in the data enhancement that will affect the growth in the ICT market. The tremendous advancement in the field of IoT is causing growth in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) business as well. Various technologies, like Cloud Computing and Machine Learning to Data Analysis and Information Modeling, are quickly becoming an integral part of IoT fabric. IoT empowers any“Thing” to connect and communicate, thereby, converting the physical world into an enormous information system. Internet of Things (IoT) is a ubiquitous internet work of intelligent physical objects, called “Things,” and people. Last but not least, we also present a survey about novel uses of BC in the machine economy. We also analyze the main challenges faced by the research community in the smooth integration of BC and IoT, and point out the main open issues and future research directions. This paper presents the following novelties, with respect to related work: (i) it covers different application domains, organizing the available literature according to this categorization, (ii) it introduces two usage patterns, i.e., device manipulation and data management (open marketplace solution), and (iii) it reports on the development level of some of the presented solutions. The objective of this paper is to analyze the current research trends on the usage of BC-related approaches and technologies in an IoT context. This article presents a comprehensive survey on BC and IoT integration. BC capabilities like immutability, transparency, auditability, data encryption and operational resilience can help solve most architectural shortcomings of IoT. With its “security by design,” Blockchain (BC) can help in addressing major security requirements in IoT. However, a lack of intrinsic security measures makes IoT vulnerable to privacy and security threats.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnection of smart devices to collect data and make intelligent decisions.
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